The Effects Of Caffeinated Beverages On The Body - 1046 Words

A cheese burger would not be complete without a tall glass of soda. The fuzzy bubbles accentuate the taste of beef and fries dipped in ketchup. Before the burger is devoured, the cup of pop sits empty. Time for a refill. By the time the meal is over, the Styrofoam cup has been emptied three times. â€Å"I paid for this, so I might as well enjoy it at home.† The words slip through burps as soda floods the container. Many people are caught in the trap of sugary, caffeinated beverages at restaurants, movie theaters, gas stations, and various other places. But the people who absent mindedly sip the drink, and they are unaware of how the caffeinated beverage affects their body. Caffeinated beverages lead to negative effects on the body such†¦show more content†¦Caffeinated beverages also provoke the risk of diabetes. Barry Michael Popkin, a food science researcher, et al, discovered that â€Å"[p]eople who consume sugary drinks regularly—1 to 2 cans a day or more—have a 26% greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than people who rarely have such drinks† (par 2). Due to the high quantity of sugar in the beverages, the amount of glucose in the bloodstream increases. The body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, causing drastic effects. Due to the high amounts of sugar in caffeinated beverages, lasting and even fatal consequences to a person’s weight and blood stream. Also, the products or lack of them can cause damaging results to the body. Consuming soda or coffee can lead to tooth and bone decay. The human mouth contains bacteria that reacts critically with the acid in caffeinated beverages. William Calnon, the president of the Wisconsin Detail Institution, conducted an experiment stating that â€Å"diet or ‘sugar-free’ soda contains its own acid, which also can damage teeth† (par 7). The mouth produces many bacteria, some fight against diseases while others promote tooth decay. But when the acids in the soda react with the bacteria and acids that naturally exist in the mouth, tooth damage is stimulated. The stimulation promotes cavities and painful aches in the teeth. Studies also have shown that drinking caffeine linked to bone damage.

The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Your Immune System

College students and individuals across the country are suffering from a health problem that can be more detrimental to their health than some forms of cancer. What is it? Lack of sleep. Lack of sleep can harm your everyday life. You may not think that it is a big deal to lose a few hours of sleep instead of getting the recommended eight hours. When in fact you could be harming yourself or somebody that is around you. Technology keeps us from getting the sleep that we need to stay healthy. According to Timothy Morgenthaler, M.D. from the Mayo clinic â€Å"a lack of sleep can affect your immune system. Studies show that people who don t get quality sleep or enough sleep are more likely to get sick and much slower to recover. During sleep, your immune system releases proteins called cytokines. Sleep deprivation may decrease production of these infection-fighting proteins. Long-term lack of sleep also increases your risk of obesity, diabetes, and heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease.† There are a lot of things that probably keep us from sleeping at night. The most common three are the cell phone, television and computer. David Cloud, CEO of the National Sleep Foundation reports, While these technologies are commonplace, it is clear that we have a lot more to learn about the appropriate use and design of this technology to complement good sleep habits. First I will start with the cell phone. Majority of teens that have a cell phone probably use their phone as aShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesSleep deprivation is defined as the situation or condition of suffering from lack of sleep. Sleep deprivation is super common now days. People begin at such a young age. Most people can recall the first time they wanted to stay up super late to watch television, or hang out with their friends at a sleep over. Kids are constantly seeing older sibling and parents staying up and choosing other things over sleep. They’re taught at such a young age that sleep deprivation is an okay thing to do. We aren’tRead MoreSleep And Sleep : Sleep Schedule Look Like852 Words   |  4 Pageshave a roommate that comes back to your room at all hours of the night, this can severely affect your life as a whole. Sleep is essential to the human body performing in a variety of tasks. If you are constantly being woken up at various times throughout the night, it can have negative consequences on your impact to learn and your health. So what does a typical night’s sleep schedule look like? A typical night’s sleep is much more complicated than just closing your eyes and waking in the morning. AsRead MoreEffects of Sleep Deprivation881 Words   |  4 PagesSleep is an essential part of life. Without sleep, the body does not get the energy that it needs to function. Yet a large amount of people do not get anywhere near the amount of sleep they need. Whether it is because of medical reasons or because there just is not enough time in the day, sleep deprivation is a major problem in todays society. The many people who do not get enough sleep usually end up suffering the consequences. No good can come from not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation hasRead MoreHow Lack of Sleep Affects the Human Body Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment #1 Sleep is as essential to the body as the food we eat, the air we breathe, and water we drink, it’s a vital necessity for human survival. Due to our spending 1/3 of our life sleeping, more than anything else, clearly indicates the importance of sleep to the human body. A good night’s sleep helps to restore energy you expend during the day, the brain is actively working while you sleep to create new pathways for areas such as learning, memories and new insights, helps your body to fightRead MoreHow Does Lack Sleep Affect 11-18 Year Old Adolescent?1142 Words   |  5 Pageslack of sleep affect 11-18 year old adolescent? Introduction What is sleep? Sleep is â€Å"A condition of body and mind which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended†. People spend, on average, approximately a third of our life asleep. Along with eating, drinking and breathing, sleeping is one of the pillars for maintaining good mental and physical health. Sleep is reallyRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Society1431 Words   |  6 PagesBeing a full time student and avid participant in the community, sleep usually falls by the wayside as the struggle to maintain a healthy balance of activities and work continues. Sleep deprivation can actually be very devastating, having a huge affects on work ethic and focus. Sleep deprivation is â€Å"the condition of being robbed of sleep,† according to Dictionary.com. â€Å"A chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness , clumsiness, weight loss or weight gain,† giving it a substantialRead MoreSpeech On Sleep Deprivation And College Students1305 Words   |  6 PagesDilan Behrle Topic: Sleep Deprivation Organization: Topically Specific Purpose: Sleep and college students usually don’t tend to get along very well. Sleep and college life often bump heads due to stress, coursework and social activities. This speech will give the students useful information about dangers of not getting enough sleep and also hints on how to get a better nights sleep. INTRODUCTION A. Attention Getter: Did you know 40% of Americans or (100 million people) are moderatelyRead MoreBeing Sleep Deprived Is A Person That Is Constantly Tired1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe most obvious signs of someone being sleep deprived is a person that is constantly tired. However, being more drowsy and more prone to falling asleep during the day can put the person at a greater risk to have fatigue related accidents. Therefore, it would be a better and a more safe way to pay attention to the more subtle symptoms of fatigue rather than waiting for someone to start to nod back and forth between consciousness and the dream world. So instead it would prove effective to performRead MoreSleep On It ! By Robert Stickgold749 Words   |  3 PagesSummary of SLEEP ON IT! SLEEP ON IT! is written by Robert Stickgold, director of the Center for Sleep, who explains the research done on the importance of sleep. The article begins by asking whether we really need to sleep? Stickgold explains how everyone needs to sleep because it is driven physiologically to be done. Allan Rechtschaffen, the world`s greatest sleep researchers of the 70’s, says that sleep is the most vital function of life. Where as J. Allan Hobson, also a great sleep researcherRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words   |  7 PagesChronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. Attention Getting Opening: Over the past ten to twenty years, academic demands placed upon college students have increased significantly, this has lead to an increase in workload and amount of time needed to study for a specific course. Today, college students represent the most sleep-deprived division of the population in the U.S. (Sleep and Memory). According to Gayla Martindale, 63% percent of the students who attend college do not get enough sleep, which

Personal Ethical View Point Free Essays

Even though I do not always speak up when I know something is wrong, I have a strong code of personal ethics because I believe loyalty, honesty, and above all, respect for others will guide me to make me the proper ethical decisions throughout my life. I feel that I am a very loyal person. I believe that I am easy to get along with and can make friends without effort. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Ethical View Point or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once I make friends, I have them for life. I have always prided myself on supporting decisions that my friends and family make, even if I know they are a mistake. Who am I to correct anyone’s actions? I understand the importance of making mistakes, so we can learn from them. Along with loyalty, I pride myself on having great fortitude. I am not easily swayed in my beliefs. I will listen to other view points and understand the importance of different beliefs, but I stand strong with the facts that I have discovered in which I developed my beliefs. Although I say that I respect other people’s opinion, I will fight for a cause I believe in, and I will back it up with every bit of energy I have if I feel something needs to be done to correct an action. I have noticed that I will tell people the truth, even if it may hurt them, but I will only do so when asked for an opinion. I know that telling a lie will only hurt me in the long run, so I am thankful that I am an extremely honest person. Lies will always come back to haunt me, and I am aware of that fact. I prefer to go through life without the stress of being caught in a lie. Honesty always pays off in the long run, even if it may cause feelings to be hurt. Working hard is a trait I value in my life. Not just physical labor, but mental work as well. I am tenacious in working through a problem until it is solved. I generally work hard on everything I set out to accomplish. I also believe that it takes a great sense of critical thinking to achieve successful hard work. I recognize that working hard comes with a set of rewards unattainable any other way. Along with all the great qualities I have, I would not be human if I said I did not have some negative qualities as well. To me, having some negative qualities does not necessarily mean it is a shame, but instead, I believe having negative points only helps balance out the positive. For instance, I have been known to be overly quiet when I should have spoken up on someone’s behalf. In other words, I do not always stick up for others when they are being treated poorly. I do get an overwhelming feeling that I should be strong and say something, but the quiet person inside me feels more comfortable and I weigh the options of making a situation worse, rather than better. When I notice something is wrong, I have a tendency to ignore the situation unless it involves me. I believe this goes back to deciding if my opinion will make a situation worse. I know this is a quality that I must work on in order to continue to become a better person. If more people spoke up, maybe this world could become better? This is what I consider to be my biggest character flaw. Additionally, I also have been known to give into peer pressure. Not when it comes to drugs or other unhealthy activities, but I will often follow others actions when participating in activities that make me feel uncomfortable. Also, I often take advice from people, even if I know it is not the best advice. Perhaps this is a way of showing respect to others. As I have stated, I pride myself on being a strong person, but sometimes this conflicts with the desire to make others feel valued around me. When I speak of value, there is only one thing that I value the most, and that is my family that I have created. The best gift I was given was my children and my loving husband in which I would do anything for. They are the reason I try to be successful. I have worked very hard at teaching them a great sense of personal ethics of their own, and I support my family’s decisions whether I feel them to be right or wrong. If a member of my family does make a decision that could have had a better outcome, I let them figure out the issue, and I always suggest new ideas in order to still give a structured solution, while that individual still learns from their mistakes. Again, even though I do not always speak up when I know something is wrong, I have a strong code of personal ethics because I believe loyalty, honesty, and above all, respect for others will guide me to make me the proper ethical decisions throughout my life. How might you use your personal ethics to determine a course of action? I have an example in which my personal ethics were greatly tested. When I was still working as an Assistant Security Director, the head Security Director was a very harsh, uncaring, pushy type of a person. He often treated all of his employees very poorly. He called everyone awful names. Once an employee had made a mistake within their job duties, my boss would forever hold that over their heads and often referred to those employees as â€Å"his retards. † He would even introduce them to other people that were hired into our department as retard # 1, 2, 3. On a daily basis, I would watch our most manly men come into the security office with their head held high, only to watch them leave feeling less of a man, and their heads hung low. My boss would also make sexual remarks to all the female security officers and I know it made them feel very uncomfortable. The Security Director knew that what he was doing was terribly wrong, because he threatened everyone’s jobs if they went to his boss. Most of the employees felt helpless. I believe this is where the quiet part of me stood in the way, because I did not say anything to him or anyone else even though I was just under his rank. I would often go home and reflect what the Security Director had done for the day and watched how people’s feelings were affected, including mine. After much embarrassment, hurt feelings and lack of pride, I finally let my personal ethics shine through. After a lot of intense reflection, as well as begging from the rest of the staff, I decided it was time to do what I could to stop my boss’s behavior. I stood up for all my employees knowing I could lose my job. I was tired of knowing in my heart that what he was doing was wrong on so many levels. I went above his head and secured a meeting with his boss. I spoke up and evealed all of my boss’s behaviors. I was completely uncomfortable doing so, but I knew it was the right decision that I had made. In the end, the Security Director was given a choice to leave or be publicly dismissed of his duties. I believe the result of me adhering to my strong code of personal ethics was the catalyst for this situation. All the employees who were harassed and bullied by my boss were so thankful and appreciative. My company had hired an investigator and every single employee was interviewed on the topic. Almost everyone stood behind me and showed their support. I guess they just needed someone stand up and be heard. How to cite Personal Ethical View Point, Essay examples

Breach of Duties by the Directors

Question: Write about theBreach of Duties by the Directors. Answer: Introduction: The presentation is about the study of the recent case law in which the Federal Court of Australia held director of company liable under Corporation Act 2001 for breach of the duties. In Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) vs. Cassimatis (2016) FCA 1023, the Australian Combined court had determined that the description of care duties which is to be owed by the directors under section 180(1) of the Corporation Act. The court held that the director of the economy services had violate his duties as director, as it was the responsibility of the director to be cognizant that his company was probably to breach the provisions of the Corporations Act, with the ruinous effect for the company (Aganin, 2016). Facts of the Case: Storm Financial Limited (in short Storm) was the Australian economy services licence holder and the company had given the economical services as per the model development by Mr. Cassimatis. He is one of the two directors of the company i.e. Storm. The model of Mr. Cassimatis involved the clients borrowed against the fairness for their homes, also obtained the edge loans and the company used those funds for investing in the index funding and creating a cash reserve. The project was enforced to all of the clients of the company as the only condition is that they have the capability to borrow the funds. As the company i.e. Storm used the double gearing model due to which the investors continued grave losses during the period of the Global Economical Crisis (Anderson and Feist, 2017). Australian Investment and Securities commission had commenced the proceedings in the year 2010 against both the directors i.e. Mr and Mrs Cassimatis alleging that the duties of care and diligence had been breached as being the director of the company it was their duty under section 180(1) of the corporation act (Bostock, 2012). Australian Investment and Securities commission had alleged that both the directors had made breach of their duties when the company i.e. Storm was financially fit and they both were the directors of the company and shareholders, moreover there was no conflict that the directors had to manage the company i.e. Storm in conformity with the wishes of the shareowners (Burrows, 2010). Australian Investment and Securities commission had made allegations that the financial services provided as per the model to the class of the vulnerable investors who were very near to their retreat, has very limited assets income and there was zero anticipation of retrieving the economical position in the condition of loss. By doing this the company had made the breach of the provisions of the corporations act that there was the reasonable basis for the economical advice to the clients. Australian Investment and Securities commission had made allegations that the directors of the company had breach the duties under section 180(1) of the corporation act as following: Both the directors of the company had cause or permit the company i.e. Storm to administer advice to their investors as per the model which results that the Storm had made contravene to the provisions of the Corporations act (Anderson and Feist, 2017). Both the directors of the company had cause or permit the company i.e. Storm to administer the financial advice in the manner as it violate the provisions of the Corporations act, 2001(Cline, 2000). The allegations of the Australian Investment and Securities commission was that the exposure of the company i.e. Storm to the risk was more than it would have if any director acting with due care and diligence (Grantham, 1991). Section 180(1) of the Corporations Act: Section 180 of the Corporation act, 2001 had brought the civil obligation which says that the director or the other officer of the company should at all the time perform the reasonable degree of care and diligence in performing their powers and in discharge of their duties. Reasonable in the simple sense means that the degrees of proper care and diligence which the reasonable person in such a situation in the corporation would perform in the same situation (Lim, 2013). The need for the director or the officer of the company to perform the reasonable test of care and diligence would be satisfied in regard to the particular business judgments where the director or the officer could make the judgement in the good faith and for a reasonable determination (Moore, 2016). The director or the officer of the company did not have the personal interest while making the judgment for the company. The director of company should rationally trust that the judgement made by him is in the good interes t of the company. In short, from the perusal of the readings of the Section 180 of the corporation act it is clear that the director or any of the officers of the company should take the active interest in the affairs of the company and also get the general understanding of the business of the company. In the present case, the Federal Court of Australia had analysis under section 180(1) of the corporation act that whether the director of the company i.e. Storm had performed the reasonable test of care and diligence while performing their powers in exonerate of their duties. The court found that the analysis involves the determination of all the circumstances which includes the ascertainable hazard of the damage in the interest of the company, the consequences of that damage, the major welfare which accumulates from the conduct of the director and to the essence to the company of any of the action to allay the ascertainable harm (Nwafor and Nwafor, 2014). In the present case the court held that the company i.e. Storm had made the breach of provisions of the corporation act which provides the financial services as per the model to the class of the vulnerable clients which are verified by the Australian Investment and Securities commission and the directors of the company had made breach of the duty of the due care and diligence because of the reason that the reasonable director of the company in such circumstances as like in the Storm and the responsibilities of the Mr and Mrs cassimatis will have to became aware of the strong prospect of the breach of the company act and if the directors had performed their actions to cause or to allowing the model of the Storm which was to enforced to the clients who were in the category to be pleaded by the Australian Investment and Securities commission, as the particular investors who would retired or very close to the retirement with the very less asset and few income (OFAC compliance in the secu rities and investment sector, 2012). The court held that the breach of the provisions of the corporations act by the company i.e. Storm were not merely accountable but the reasonable director is in the emplacement of the Cassimatis who would have found them as like (Sirignano and Farrell, 2005). The court held that the conduct of the directors of the company was the single breach by each of both of the directors and there were no multiple breaches relates with the no. of the investors who established the category of the vulnerable investors. Australian Investment and Securities commission had accepted that there was only one breach by each of the directors. The court had also held that if it is determined that Mr and Mrs Cassimatis had performed their act honestly and fairly with regard to the capital loss would never take place with the index find investiture in the model prepared by the Storm. The court found that the conduct of the directors cannot be relieved under Section 1317 of the corporations act as they have very important role and responsibilities and also the seriousness of the breaches of the provisions of the act made by the Storm (Worthington, 2001). Issues in the Case: The Judgement of the Federal Court of Australia involves the discussion on the many issues like as: Whether the breach by the Strom was mandatory for the directors to contravene section 180(1)? Australian Investment and Securities commission proceeded its case on the basis that the company i.e. Storm had actually contravene the provisions of the company act as the stepping stone of the contraventions by the directors under section 180(1). The court had suggested that the court had serious doubts on the conduct of the directors. Whether the actual breach was needed for the contravention by the directors under section 180(1) but it ran on the ground that the actual breach was required (Lim, 2013). The court had rejected the submission made by the Australian Investment and Securities commission that the actual contravention by the company was sufficient to create a contravene of section 180(1) by the directors of the company. Whether the duties prescribed under section 180(1) of the corporation act are owed by the company alone? Upon this issue the directors of the company had submitted that the duties prescribed under section 180(1) of the corporation act were owed by the company alone while Australian Investment and Securities commission had submitted that Section 180(1) of the corporation act gives a rules of conduct which is different from the interest of the company and the reason behind that the publics duty at large is owed by the directors (Grantham, 1991). The court had admitted the submissions made by the shareowners but also noted down that the interest of the company must not be seen narrowly and must not limited to the interest which was only for the shareholders. The interest of the company was not limited to the economical loss but also includes the damage made to reputation. Whether the directors could be liable for the breach of section 180(1) of the corporation act where the directors are the only share holders of the solvent company? The directors had made the submissions that the director is the sole share holder of the solvent company and it would not amount to violation of section 180(1) of the corporation act. The compliance was made on the ground that it is the duty of the director as well as the shareholders to assume the avocation of the profit. The directors had made submission that they had acted with due care and diligence even if they had contravened the provisions of the corporation act because they were the directors as well as the shareholders of the company (Anderson and Feist, 2017). The court had rejected the submissions and held that the submissions were not supported by the wordings of the section 180(1) of the corporation act. The shareholders might be able authorize the acts which are the contraventions under the corporation act but could not ratify them. Conclusion: In the end it is to be concluded that the stakeholders of the company had to perform their duties with due care and application. From the study of the present case law it has also been considered that the stakeholders of the financial fit company where they are the only share holders might violate their duties of the care and application and if the conduct as the director makes the company to violate the law, then the directors are liable. Furthermore it has also been considered that Australian Investment and Securities commission has shown their willingness to continue the proceedings in this situation, particularly when the violation of the provision of the corporation act had made an impact on the clients of the company. Where the directors adopts the course of the conduct as the model investiture strategy for the group or the class of the client investor, any violation of the corporation act which arise from the conduct and limited to the single breach of the duty. References Aganin, A. (2016). Review of securities class action filings in 2015.Journal of Investment Compliance, 17(3), pp.1-27. Anderson, B. and Feist, G. (2017). Transformative science: a new index and the impact of non-funding, private funding, and public funding.Social Epistemology, 31(2), pp.130-151. Bostock, T. (2012). The Corporations Act 2001.Amicus Curiae, 2002(39). Burrows, S. (2010). Directors' Duties (1st edition)20102Andrew Keay. Directors' Duties (1st edition). Jordan Publishing Limited, 2009. 476pp.International Journal of Law and Management, 52(6), pp.482-483. Cline, W. (2000). Challenges Facing Global Financial Markets.Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services, 2000(1), pp.467-475. Grantham, R. (1991). Directors' Duties and Insolvent Companies.The Modern Law Review, 54(4), pp.576-581. Lim, E. (2013). Directors' duties: improper purposes or implied terms?.Legal Studies, 34(3), pp.395-418. Moore, C. (2016). Obligations in the shade: the application of fiduciary directors' duties to shadow directors.Legal Studies, 36(2), pp.326-353. Nwafor, A. and Nwafor, G. (2014). Breach of duty: power of shareholders to ratify directors fraudulent dealings.Corporate Board: role, duties and composition, 10(2). Nwafor, A. and Nwafor, G. (2014). Breach of duty: power of shareholders to ratify directors fraudulent dealings.Corporate Board: role, duties and composition, 10(2). OFAC compliance in the securities and investment sector. (2012).Journal of Investment Compliance, 13(3), pp.21-26. Sirignano, D. and Farrell, S. (2005). Securities offering reform proposal.Journal of Investment Compliance, 6(2), pp.44-47. Worthington, S. (2001). Reforming Directors Duties.Modern Law Review, 64(3), pp.413-438. Burrows, S. (2010). Directors' Duties (1st edition)20102Andrew Keay. Directors' Duties (1st edition). Jordan Publishing Limited, 2009. 476pp.International Journal of Law and Management, 52(6), pp.482-483. Cline, W. (2000). Challenges Facing Global Financial Markets.Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services, 2000(1), pp.467-475. Grantham, R. (1991). Directors' Duties and Insolvent Companies.The Modern Law Review, 54(4), pp.576-581.

Rising Sea Level Essays - Coastal Geography, Coastal Engineering

Rising Sea Level Rising Sea Level Rising sea levels have been disturbing geographers and geologists for some time now. Scientists are constantly trying to prevent the effects rising waters are causing, which mainly includes beach and island erosion. So far, their attempts with man-made development on beaches along the eastern coast of America have only made things worse. "Up and down the U.S. coast, public money is subsidizing private property on islands made of sand, the stuff on which, as the Bible says, only fools build" (Ackerman 7). In recent years there has been a trend towards living on the barrier islands of America's Atlantic Coast. High rise condominiums, numerous shops, and several businesses have been built to sustain large populations on these islands and continue to be built. As a result, this vital chain of islands that lies between the ocean and the mainland are at risk. While interfering with the natural configuration of these islands, human construction has advanced the rate of beach erosion, thus leaving the mainland with no barriers during times of high surf. This effect has also led to costly, unnatural ways to preserve the barrier islands. Saving these islands in their natural state by curbing human encroachment will both protect mainland populations from high surf and save a considerable amount of federal money. The barrier islands are a chain of islands, stretching from New York to southern Texas, that have served as a critical barrier from the Atlantic Ocean for well over the past 4,500 years (Ackerman 23). These islands however are not as stable as those who live on them would like it to be. Beaches, and in fact whole islands, are constantly eroded as they are subjected to varying winds, currents and changing sea levels. Along Florida's East Coast, roughly 368 miles, the average shoreline change is retreating 22cm per year. Under natural conditions, native vegetation and shifting sands constantly replace or withhold sand on the islands (16). Unfortunately for the inhabitants of the barrier islands, this is a geological behavior which can only continue if the islands remain in a natural state. In recent years humans on these shorelines and islands have been responding to the naturally changing conditions, through the use of man made structures such as seawalls, groins, and sand replenishment, in an effort to save beachfront property from erosion. Obstructing the natural shifts of the islands, says Orrin Pilkey of Duke University who has studied these islands for thirty years, will cause them to, "be lost forever" (16-17). Attempting to hold beaches in place with the use of seawalls, groins, and sand replenishment may seem like a good solution in theory, but in practice they probe ineffective. One of the most common methods of attempting to hold barrier island beaches in place is through the use of sea walls, which are costly and ineffective. Seawalls are typically cement walls constructed parallel to the seashore in an effort to block waves from coming over the beach and into property. However, seawalls tend to withhold sand behind the wall during times of high surf and the natural tendency of the beach to respond to waves is disturbed (Kaufman 207). The structures commonly fail from undermining or erosion by waves breaking over their tops. Under normal conditions sand would be spread out by outgoing currents, which in turn would lower the slope of the beach and cause the waves to break gradually. With seawalls in place, sand remains stationary while waves erode the beach as wave energy is deflected against sand not protected by the seawall (208). In addition to advancing the erosion rate of the sand and inhibiting the beaches' natural tendencies, seawalls have become quite costly to maintain. For example, in New York $120 million was paid by the federal government to sustain and replenish seawall installations as of 1996, and repairs continue to be made (Dixon 231). Clearly, this method is both costly and ineffective. Another commonly used method of stopping erosion is the placement of groins, which are also ineffective. Groins are pilings of rocks that extend into the ocean and perpendicular to the shore. Like seawalls, the primary purpose of a groin is to trap sand, but in longshore currents rather than sand deposits already on the beach. Contrary to their intended purpose, these structures trap sand on the side facing a longshore current and leave the opposite side without sand (Kaufman 207). Over time, the side not facing longshore currents erodes and the initial problem reoccurs. Once again, after the unsuccessful use of groins, money and resources must be spent to restore the beach.

Chemical Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions

Chemical Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions Chemical equilibrium is the condition which occurs when the concentration of reactants and products participating in a chemical reaction exhibit no net change over time. Chemical equilibrium may also be called a steady state reaction. This does not mean the chemical reaction has necessarily stopped occurring, but that the consumption and formation of substances have reached a balanced condition. The quantities of reactants and products have achieved a constant ratio, but they are almost never equal. There may be much more product or much more reactant. Dynamic Equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the chemical reaction continues to proceed, but a number of products and reactants remain constant. This is one type of chemical equilibrium. Writing the Equilibrium Expression The equilibrium expression for a chemical reaction may be expressed in terms of the concentration of the products and reactants. Only chemical species in the aqueous and gaseous phases are included in the equilibrium expression because the concentrations of liquids and solids does not change. For the chemical reaction: jA kB → lC mD The equilibrium expression is K ([C]l[D]m) / ([A]j[B]k) K is the equilibrium constant[A], [B], [C], [D] etc. are the molar concentrations of A, B, C, D etc.j, k, l, m, etc. are coefficients in a balanced chemical equation Factors That Affect Chemical Equilibrium First, consider a factor that does not affect equilibrium: pure substances. If a pure liquid or solid is involved in equilibrium, it is considered to have an equilibrium constant of 1 and is excluded from the equilibrium constant. For example, except in highly concentrated solutions, pure water is considered to have an activity of 1. Another example is solid carbon, which may be form by the reaction of two carbom monoxide molecules to form carbon dioxide and carbon. Factors that do affect equilibrium include: Adding reactant or product or a change in concentration affects equilibrium. Adding reactant can drive equilibrium to the right in a chemical equation, where more product forms. Adding product can drive equilibrium to the left, as more reactant forms.Changing the temperature alters equilibrium. Increasing temperature always shifts chemical equilibrium in the direction of the endothermic reaction. Decreasing temperature always shifts equilibrium in the direction of the exothermic reaction.Changing the pressure affects equilibrium. For example, decreasing the volume of a gas system increases its pressure, which increases the concentration of both reactants and products. The net reaction will see to lower the concentration of gas molecules. Le Chateliers principle may be used to predict the shift in equilibrium resulting from applying a stress to the system. Le Chateliers principle states that a change to a system in equilibrium will cause a predictable shift in equilibrium to counteract the change.  For example, adding heat to a system favors the direction of the endothermic reaction because this will act to reduce the amount of heat.

Children with Lupus Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children with Lupus - Article Example Researchers analyzed data reports â€Å"children with lupus kidney disease had more than twice (2.4 times) the risk of dying compared to children with other forms of kidney disease† (para.5). Kidney failure or disease caused by lupus is called Lupus nephritis. This has become a major concern of various medical institute especially lupus related organizations. Last April 14, 2011, the Lupus Foundation of America (LFA) with coordination of RN.com, RxSchool.com, and Dr. Mary Anne Dooley, Member, LFA's Medical-Scientific Advisory Council, launched a new continuing education program for the nurses, pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians. The program entitled ‘Lupus, Deciphering the Clues’ will enhance health professionals awareness of lupus diagnosis and treatments, to meet the needs of early diagnosis and treatment to avoid further vital organ complications. It has been observed by the LFA, based on their own survey, more than fifty percent among lupus patient had visi ted three or more doctors, and some even suffered four or more years, before they were being diagnosed (Medical News Today, 2011). May this program will be of great help to minimize lethal cases of Lupus nephritis to children, as well as to adults. Actually, researchers have been very enthusiastic in performing in-depth study to learn more about lupus and how lupus nephritis developed. LFA(2011) related the experimentation performed on nineteen week-old female mice to learn about the role of immune system proteins called interferons (IFNs) and macrophages (white blood cells) in the development of lupus nephritis. The mice were divided into three groups, wherein mice in the first group were injected three times per week for four weeks of a drug called polycytidylic acid (PCA) which will cause increased activity of IFNs that will start out lupus. The mice in the second group were injected a single dose only of one kind of lupus-related IFN called type I IFN, while the mice in the thir d group were injected with salt water only, to be used as comparison group. The mice urine were monitored for protein development testing. Then after two weeks, the first and second group of mice manifested developed protein in urine, evidence of developed lupus nephritis. Animal experimentation served as an instrument to discern what types of imbalances might be causing human lupus, and may contribute in finding ways for treatment. Yet, the researchers admitted that such animal experimentations have limitations since there are many known, as well as unknown, differences between human and mice immune system. But still, this may shed light for further studies on what treatment might or might not be useful for treating lupus. As expected, urine protein testing would become useful in early detection of kidney damage from lupus. Therefore, Medical News Today (2010) reported a newly discovered simple urine tests for four proteins that might serve as an instrument for early detection of k idney disease in patient with lupus. Likewise, as the article reports, the UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers conducted experiments on mice and found out four proteins protease, PGDS, SAP and SOS showed up in larger amounts on mice urine with progressive kidney damage. They believed that each of these proteins has corresponds in human’s protein or either present in human system. Researchers admitted that this kind of tests might take years to be utilized clinically since they are

Interface design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interface design - Essay Example Moreover, the intellectual level of target group should be a guiding principle for the interface design document. The user should feel relaxed and comfortable while using the interface and it must be a pleasurable experience. â€Å"Each moment has the potential to increase user’s confidence or destroy his trust in a product or company, and each one is an important piece of the whole experience† (Hoekman 2008). Requirement Analysis of Potential Audience This requires narrowing down what type of information, features and products your targeted audience would be looking for. The basic theme of interface is designed keeping in mind the research conducted in Assignment # 1, which underlines the identification of the user group before starting the development of the product. In our case the site offers massaging services and allied facilities to its customers. The identified customer group is mainly comprised of the middle-aged women of the upper middle class and the elite cl ass of the society. However, there are other groups of customer which are attracted by the product and they include more or less every age group bearing children. The site should also support the customer class where a massage therapy is advised by the doctors. The identified user group is supposed to be well-off and educated. More often than not this group will use the services for stress management and in some cases for medical reasons. The basic theme of the interface is required to be light and refreshing. A shade of light green is used as the theme color of the site. This gives a soothing and refreshing effect to the site. The interface is designed to impart a comforting and gentle effect at first sight to address the issue of the major group of customers while incorporating the needs of the rest of the identified groups. Special care is taken in use of images at the site and especially at the home page of the site to further support and endorse the theme of the site. This is s hown below in figures 1 and 2. [Figure 1: The home page for zypresse.com] [Figure 2: The about us section for zypresse.com] Numbers of interviews were conducted for inclusion of user opinions in the development of the interface. During this process some of the expected clients of the massage services insisted on the availability of video clips of various massaging techniques at the web interface. Feedback of the clients was also integrated in the shape of the price list for various services offered by the massage center. Moreover the names, specialties, and experience of various therapists have also been provided on the basis of requirement analysis. This is shown below in figures 3 and 4. [Figure 3: The video support section for zypresse.com] [Figure 4: The price list section for zypresse.com] A number of doctors, surgeon and physician are consulted to bridge the gap between the customer needs and the product design. This process helped a lot in rationalization and understanding of the customer’s requirement. The user group of massage services is particularly comprised of middle-aged ladies, however adult men and elderly people may also form a part of this user group. Therefore the interface design especially caters for the requirements of this user grou

Compare a presidential system with a parliamentary system. Choose one Essay

Compare a presidential system with a parliamentary system. Choose one country that represents each system. Explain their legislative, executive and judicial br - Essay Example He stays in office as head of government for six years with no re-election. His functions primarily revolve around the implementation of laws, policies, and, development plans for his country. In the parliamentary system adapted by Great Britain, there is a fusion in the three branches of government. The executive branch of Britain is composed of the Queen who is considered the chief of state and the Prime Minister as head of government. The Prime Minister is elected by the members of the legislative branch. He has no definite term of office as the conduct of elections is decided on by Parliament. The legislative branch of government of Mexico has two chambers-the upper (Senate) and the lower (Chamber of Deputies). They have the power to pass laws, ordinance, impose taxes, declare war, and approve the national budget. Some members of the Senate are voted through direct popular vote, some are voted per state. The members of the lower chamber are voted per district based on proportional representation. The legislative branch of Great Britain, called the House of Parliament, is also bicameral-composed of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. This branch serves as the supreme legislative body of Britain and its territories. The House of Lords is largely made up of appointed members, with a small percentage who are voted by hereditary peerage. The members of the House of Commons are elected via popular vote every four or five years. The distinct feature about British Parliament is that they control the executive branch of the government. As opposed to the Legislative branch of government in the presidential system, the executive and legislative branches of government are independent from each other. The judicial branch of government in Mexico is divided into the federal and state systems. It has a Supreme Court of Justice composed of magistrates and auxiliary judges who

Impact of the Acheson Report on Health Policy

Impact of the Acheson Report on Health Policy In what way did the Acheson Report represent a radical approach to health policy? How far did it inform New Labours policy on reducing inequalities in health? Introduction: A government commissioned report on health inequalities led by Sir Donald Acheson has been marked as extremely influential in shaping future UK health policies. The Acheson report highlights the area in which health inequalities could be reduced and provides the direction of health policies promoted by the Department of Health. The report focuses on several areas such as poverty that seems to have disproportionate effect on children. Increased benefit levels have been recommended for women of childbearing age, expectant mothers, young children and older people suggesting mothers on income support tend to have inadequate diets. The report also calls for more funding support to schools in deprived areas, better nutrition and the concept of health-promoting schools. Benefit levels for providing nutritional meals to children should be increased and food should be more affordable for fulfilling nutritional needs of children. The report also focuses on smoking and drinking problems urging for restrictions on smoking in public places, a ban on tobacco advertising and promotion, mass educational initiatives, increases in the price of tobacco and the prescriptions for nicotine replacement therapy. The Acheson report also suggests close links between health and mortality rates. The Acheson report has been instrumental in shaping, directing and implementing several changes in the NHS Health policy. Several studies and research reports have been published on the impact and influence of the Acheson report on changes within health care policy. The Acheson report identified three crucial areas on social gradient and health inequalities and suggested that a high priority should be given to the health of families with children; all policies likely to have an impact on health should be evaluated in terms of their impact on health inequalities; steps should be taken to reduce income inequalities and improve the living standards of poor households. The Acheson Report and UK Health Policies The Acheson Report 1998, an Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health was similar to the Black Report 1980 and can be considered as a Department of Health review of the evidence on inequalities in health in England. The Department of Health has responded to the Acheson report by taking an official course of action. The Department of Health mentions that tackling health inequalities is a top priority for the Government, and is focused on narrowing the health gap between disadvantaged groups, communities and the rest of the country, and on improving health overall. The strategy for addressing this problems is published in, Tackling Health Inequalities: A Programme for Action that lays the foundations for meeting the Governments target to reduce the health gap on infant mortality and life expectancy by 2010.A programme for action include a three-year plan for tackling health inequalities and to help local organisations improve the way services are delivered to disadvantaged groups. The programme for action in response to the Acheson report is based on Supporting families, mothers and children Engaging Communities and Individuals Preventing Illness and providing Effective treatment and Care Addressing the underlying determinants of health The Acheson report suggests that socioeconomic inequalities in health and expectation of life have been found in England for many years and there have been data identifying differences in longevity by ones socioeconomic position. Inequalities of health are measured in terms of mortality, life expectancy or health status and could be categorised by socioeconomic status, ethnic group or gender. The Acheson report suggested that there are differences in the health status of mothers, babies, people of lower socioeconomic status and people who smoke or drink heavily. The report definitely shows that death rates are falling in England and the rates have fallen since 1896. Thus life expectancy seems to have risen in the last few years although healthy life expectancy has not been rising. In fact the proportion of people with long standing illness has risen from 15 percent to 22 percent (Acheson Report, 1998). The Acheson report thus gave new insights on health policies and identified issues that contribute to an increased rate of mortality and possible ill health. It identified several socioeconomic determinants including income distribution and household below average income, education, employment, housing, homelessness, public sector, transport and health related behaviour. Following the report, the Choosing Health White Paper given by the Department of Health sets out the key principles for supporting the public to make healthier and more informed choices in regards to their health. Through the paper, the Government has provided information and practical support to get people motivated and improve emotional well-being and also provide access to services to encourage people to make healthy choices. The government has also drawn up a food and health action plan that focuses on the ways that better health can be achieved through better nutrition at all stages of life and for different gro ups in society, recognising and addressing different needs, particularly those of disadvantaged groups (Choosing Health, DH, 2004). The government has also set up the Health Improvement Plan and a new NHS plan for tackling health inequalities 81% of people in higher socio-economic groups consider themselves to be in good health now, compared with 61% of people in the lowest groups 76% of people in the higher groups expect to be in good health in 10 years’ time, compared to 53% of people in the lowest groups (DH, 2004). Putting forward the NHS improvement plan, the Government reiterated the NHS commitment that the NHS is motivated to prevent disease and improve health in general. The Government policies are focused on the fact that inequalities in health cannot be accepted and the fundamental objective is to create healthier choices for disadvantaged groups. The NHS Improvement plan was laid down in 2004 to not only counter health inequalities but also provide better quality of care to patients and provide safer and more effective treatment. The NHS Improvement Plan set out modernisation and health plans putting patients and service users first through more personalised care; a focus on the whole of health and well-being, not only illness; and further devolution of decision-making to local organisations. (DH, 2004) According to the Government report and Action Plan laid out in then Choosing Health White paper the nutritional priorities were given as follows: increase in the average consumption of a variety of fruit and vegetables increase in the average intake of dietary fibre to 18 grams per day reducing average intake of salt to 6 grams per day reduce average intake of saturated fat maintaining the current trends in reducing average intake of total fat reducing the average intake of added sugar (Choosing Health White paper, 2004) The Government took several steps to ensure that the recommendations of the Acheson report is considered for any further changes within the NHS. Accordingly major steps have been taken to ensure consumer awareness on the consumption of healthy foods and development of good food habits. Reducing the proportion of fat, salt in the diet has been recommended and retailers and caterers have been asked introduce healthier range of foods and offer such foods in convenient stores, centre locations and in remote areas of the city. In a plan to tackle health inequalities, the Government has focused on many plans including – Offer people personal health plans with support from the NHS. Recruit NHS health trainers to provide advice and support for people to develop their personal health plans. Provide services in the areas of highest need. Offer disabled people the option of taking up a health check. (DH, 2004) Considering the Acheson report on the exaggerated problems of health care among pregnant women and children, the government has also provided eligible pregnant women with vouchers that can be exchanged for fresh fruit and vegetables, milk and infant formula through a new scheme called Healthy Start. A Sure Start scheme is also in place for providing training, guidance and support for early years to children. Practitioners encourage changes in parental behaviour and improve the social and emotional development and physical health of children in the early years. Community Parental Support Projects are also in place that involves training of lead workers in 500 communities. ‘Healthy Schools’ programmes are encouraged to target deprived schools including Pupil Referral Units. The Government has promoted the concept of healthy schools by 2006, working towards a healthy school status by 2009. The concept of Healthy schools, Sure Start and the Concept for providing Parental Support as well as providing people with personal health plans are some of the steps that the government has taken to ensure the promotion of health. Some of the objectives of the Action Plan have been given as follows. Following the Acheson report, the government focus has shifted from the one aimed to meet national targets to a different approach that could be given as follows standards are the main driver for continuous improvements in quality; there are fewer national targets; there is greater scope for addressing local priorities; incentives are in place to support the system; and all organisations locally play their part in service modernisation. (Care Standards Planning Framework, 2004). Research Studies We discuss several studies which deal with the Acheson report. Oliver and Nutbeam (2003) point out that health inequalities has been considered seriously for an approach to improve health care and government policies have been developed to explicitly address existing health inequalities that has become an important issue since Labour has returned to power in 1997. The development of health inequalities policies, have been critically examined to assess how such policies could or should be developed. The authors point out that progress in the development of health inequality policies has been made although the progress is less than expected or ideal. Kisely and Jones (1997) have written on the issues of public health ten years after the Acheson report. They point out that the issue of communicable disease control and the role of public health medicine is of considerable concern in the light of outbreaks and NHS reorganisations. The Acheson report seems to have highlighted several issues in this regard. Yet as Kisely and Jones the Reports findings have yet to be fully implemented. The paper calls for a further review of public health function and should include the removal of the specialty from management costs, and the clarification standardisation of the roles of the Director of Public Health (DPH), CPHM and other members of the multi-disciplinary public health team (Kisely and Jones, 1997). Possible organisational implications for a public health approach have also been suggested. Tarlov (1999) has delineated four conceptual frameworks providing the bases for constructing public policy strategies for improving population health and this include: (1) Determinants of population health. (2) Complex systems: (3) An intervention framework for population health improvement. (4) Public policy development process with two phases of public consensus and policy action. The Acheson report can be judged in this context and has provided both a consensus and a policy framework. Conclusion: The research studies and analysis of the Acheson report suggests that the 1998 Acheson report has been extremely influential in shaping Health care policies in the UK and reducing inequalities in health. Bibliography Primary health care in Londonchanges since the Acheson report. BMJ. 1992 Nov 7;305(6862):1130-3. Tarlov AR. Public policy frameworks for improving population health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896:281-93. Blane D. Health inequality and public policy: one year on from the Acheson report. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Dec;53(12):748. Williams A. Commentary on the Acheson report. Health Econ. 1999 Jun;8(4):297-9. Barnes R, Scott-Samuel A. The Acheson report: beyond parenthood and apple pie? J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Jun;53(6):322-3. Spencer NJ. The Acheson report: challenges for the College. Arch Dis Child. 1999 Jun;80(6):576-8. Better benefits for health: plan to implement the central recommendation of the Acheson report. BMJ. 1999 Mar 13;318(7185):724-7. Acheson D. Inequalities in health. Report on inequalities in health did give priority for steps to be tackled. BMJ. 1998 Dec 12;317(7173):1659. Oliver A, Nutbeam D. Addressing health inequalities in the United Kingdom: a case study. J Public Health Med. 2003 Dec;25(4):281-7. Kisely S, Jones J. Acheson revisited: public health medicine ten years after the Acheson Report. Public Health. 1997 Nov;111(6):361-4. Also see: DH publications: Choosing Health White Paper, DH, 2004 NHS Plan, DH publication 2004 Acheson Report, DH publication, 1998 Inequalities in health, DH publication 1998 NHS Improvement Plan, 2004 www.dh.gov.uk

William Faulkners A Rose for Emily is a Gothic Horror Tale :: A Rose For Emily, William Faulkner

William Faulkner is widely considered to be one of the great American authors of the twentieth century. Although his greatest works are identified with a particular region and time (Mississippi in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries), the themes he explores are universal. He was also an extremely accomplished writer in a technical sense. Novels such as The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! feature bold experimentation with shifts in time and narrative. Several of his short stories are favorites of anthologists, including "A Rose for Emily." This strange story of love, obsession, and death is a favorite among both readers and critics. The narrator, speaking for the town of Jefferson in Faulkner's fictional Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi, tells a series of stories about the town's reclusive spinster, Miss Emily Grierson. The stories build up to a gruesome revelation after Miss Emily's funeral. She apparently poisoned her lover, Homer Barron, and kept his corpse in an attic bedroom for over forty years. It is a common critical cliche to say that a story "exists on many levels." In the case of "A Rose for Emily", this is the truth. Critic Frank A. Littler, in an essay published in Notes on Mississippi Writers regarding the chronology of the story, writes that "A Rose for Emily" has been read variously as ". . .a Gothic horror tale, a study in abnormal psychology, an allegory of the relations between North and South, a meditation on the nature of time, and a tragedy with Emily as a sort of tragic heroine." These various interpretations serve as a good starting point for discussion of the story. The Gothic horror tale is a literary form dating back to 1764 with the first novel identified with the genre, Horace Walpole's The Castle of Ontralto. Gothicism features an atmosphere of terror and dread: gloomy castles or mansions, sinister characters, and unexplained phenomena. Gothic novels and stories also often include unnatural combinations of sex and death. In a lecture to students documented by Frederick L. Gwynn and Joseph L. Blotner in Faulkner in the University: Class Conferences at the University of Virginia 1957-1958, Faulkner himself claimed that "A Rose for Emily" is a "ghost story." In fact, Faulkner is considered by many to be the progenitor of a sub-genre, the Southern gothic. The Southern gothic style combines the elements of classic Gothicism with particular Southern archetypes (the reclusive spinster, for example) and puts them in a Southern milieu.